[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":779},["ShallowReactive",2],{"review-comparison":3},{"source":4,"verifiedOn":5,"builder":6,"checkLabels":7,"depthLabels":11,"strandLabels":16,"fields":21,"reviews":76},"研究資料\u002F處理後資料\u002Fevidence_extraction\u002Fverified\u002FC11a.json (+ G*.json records with target_cluster C11a)","2026-09-25","研究資料\u002F分析程式\u002Fbuild_review_overlap.py",{"full_text":8,"partial_full_text":9,"abstract":10},"全文","部分全文","僅摘要",{"listing":12,"qualitative table":13,"same-condition experiments":14,"task evidence synthesis":15},"摘要列舉","定性表格","同條件實驗","任務證據綜整",{"robotics":17,"capture":18,"downstream":19,"general":20},"營建機器人定位與 SLAM","行動測繪與實景擷取","點雲下游應用與品質需求","通用 LiDAR SLAM 技術",[22,28,34,40,45,51,57,63,69],{"key":23,"label":24,"question":25,"sourceKeys":26},"search","時間與檢索","檢索到何時？如何選文？有無經典文獻路徑？",[27],"search_period_and_method",{"key":29,"label":30,"question":31,"sourceKeys":32},"focus","問題定位","重點是導航、建圖、量測、點雲處理，還是工程決策？",[33],"problem_focus",{"key":35,"label":36,"question":37,"sourceKeys":38},"scope","技術範圍","包含哪些感測、估計架構與表示？",[39],"technical_scope",{"key":41,"label":42,"question":43,"sourceKeys":44},"taxonomy","分類架構","分類維度是否互斥、可重複使用？",[41],{"key":46,"label":47,"question":48,"sourceKeys":49},"depth","比較深度","是摘要列舉、定性表格、同條件實驗，還是任務證據綜整？",[50],"comparison_depth",{"key":52,"label":53,"question":54,"sourceKeys":55},"quality","品質與不確定性","是否區分軌跡、幾何、工程任務與參考量測？",[56],"quality_and_uncertainty",{"key":58,"label":59,"question":60,"sourceKeys":61},"site","工地證據","是否辨識真實工地、已完工建築、模擬與跨場景限制？",[62],"site_evidence",{"key":64,"label":65,"question":66,"sourceKeys":67},"assets","可重現資產","是否有文獻庫、評估規範、資料或程式？",[68],"reproducible_assets",{"key":70,"label":71,"question":72,"sourceKeys":73},"check","查核程度","書目、摘要或全文？對應章節在哪裡？",[74,75],"check_level","locators",[77,129,175,210,256,294,334,378,412,449,483,512,537,559,583,605,633,660,685,707,727,753],{"id":78,"recordId":78,"label":79,"shortName":80,"title":81,"year":82,"venue":83,"doi":84,"mdpi":85,"fulltextStatus":86,"checkLevel":87,"sectionsRead":88,"locators":97,"strand":102,"strandBasis":103,"cells":104},"li2026slamgenerationaec","Li et al., 2026a","Li, Ren & Kim 2026 (S02)","A structured review of SLAM generation in the AEC industry: Technical framework, site-specific challenges, and adaptive strategies",2026,"KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering","10.1016\u002Fj.kscej.2025.100408",false,"full_text_reviewed","full_text",[89,90,91,92,93,94,95,96],"Abstract","Sec. 1","Sec. 2 Methodology (2.1-2.3)","Sec. 3 Bibliometric results incl. Tables 1-2","Sec. 4.1-4.5 incl. Tables 3-7","Sec. 5.1-5.3 incl. Tables 8-9","Sec. 6","Sec. 7",[90,98,99,100,101,95,96],"Sec. 2.1-2.2","Sec. 4.5 Table 7","Sec. 5.1","Sec. 5.3 Table 9","robotics","synthesis",{"search":105,"focus":109,"scope":112,"taxonomy":115,"depth":118,"quality":120,"site":123,"assets":126},{"en":106,"zh":107,"verified":108},"PRISMA; Web of Science and Scopus; 2014-01-01 to 2025-04-23; Boolean query reported; 1029 records, 214 duplicates removed, 304 papers retained (Sec. 2.1-2.2). No classic-literature route beyond the 2014 window.","PRISMA；Web of Science 與 Scopus；2014-01-01 至 2025-04-23；報告布林檢索式；1029 筆紀錄，移除 214 筆重複，保留 304 篇（Sec. 2.1-2.2）。2014 年以前無經典文獻路徑。",true,{"en":110,"zh":111,"verified":108},"How SLAM maps and trajectories are generated for AEC robots and why they fail on sites; navigation, inspection, progress monitoring contexts.","AEC 機器人的 SLAM 地圖與軌跡如何生成，以及為何在工地失效；情境包括導航、檢測與進度監測。",{"en":113,"zh":114,"verified":108},"Sensors (LiDAR, camera, IMU, radio), point cloud, visual and semantic features, LO\u002FVO\u002FVIO\u002FLIO and IMU preintegration, pose graph, factor graph, bundle adjustment, sparse\u002Fdense\u002Fsemantic\u002Ftopological maps. HI-SLAM is the only implicit neural example mentioned in the sections read.","感測器（LiDAR、相機、IMU、無線電）、點雲、視覺與語意特徵、LO\u002FVO\u002FVIO\u002FLIO 與 IMU 預積分、位姿圖、因子圖、光束法平差、稀疏\u002F稠密\u002F語意\u002F拓撲地圖。已讀章節中唯一提到的隱式神經方法為 HI-SLAM。",{"en":116,"zh":117,"verified":108},"Five-module generation pipeline plus four challenge dimensions (platform constraints, mechanism-level, environmental physical, task-environment misalignment).","五模組生成流程，加上四個挑戰面向（平台限制、機制層、環境物理因素、任務與環境錯配）。",{"value":119,"en":119,"zh":13,"verified":108},"qualitative table",{"en":121,"zh":122,"verified":108},"No explicit separation of trajectory, map geometry, task outcome and reference measurement in the full text read; quality is discussed qualitatively (e.g., coarse granularity, drift, misalignment with BIM).","已讀全文中未明確區分軌跡、地圖幾何、任務成果與參考量測；品質以定性方式討論（如粒度過粗、漂移、與 BIM 不對齊）。",{"en":124,"zh":125,"verified":108},"Cites construction-site studies but does not classify evidence by validation environment or report site counts.","引用工地研究，但未依驗證環境分類證據，也未報告工地數量。",{"en":127,"zh":128,"verified":108},"No released literature database, coding sheet or evaluation protocol found in the text read.","已讀內容中未見釋出的文獻資料庫、編碼表或評估規範。",{"id":130,"recordId":130,"label":131,"shortName":132,"title":133,"year":134,"venue":135,"doi":136,"mdpi":85,"fulltextStatus":86,"checkLevel":87,"sectionsRead":137,"locators":147,"strand":102,"strandBasis":103,"cells":151},"yarovoi2024review","Yarovoi & Cho, 2024","Yarovoi & Cho 2024 (S01)","Review of simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) for construction robotics applications",2024,"Automation in Construction","10.1016\u002Fj.autcon.2024.105344",[138,89,139,140,141,142,143,144,145,146],"Highlights","Sec. 1 Introduction","Sec. 2 SLAM background","Sec. 3 SLAM limitations (3.1-3.4)","Sec. 4 SLAM algorithms","Sec. 5 Experiments and results incl. Tables 1-4","Sec. 6 Conclusions","Data availability","Reference list",[148,149,150,95,145],"Sec. 2","Sec. 3.4","Sec. 5 Tables 2-4",{"search":152,"focus":155,"scope":158,"taxonomy":161,"depth":164,"quality":166,"site":169,"assets":172},{"en":153,"zh":154,"verified":108},"No search protocol, databases, time window or inclusion criteria reported anywhere in the full text read; narrative review with 76 references (Crossref reference-count).","已讀全文中未見檢索協定、資料庫、時間範圍或納入準則；屬敘事型綜述，共 76 篇參考文獻（依 Crossref 參考文獻數）。",{"en":156,"zh":157,"verified":108},"Localization and mapping for autonomous construction robots, oriented to navigation and operator awareness of SLAM failure modes; brief mention that offline SLAM suits survey maps or as-built BIM.","營建自主機器人的定位與建圖，著重導航，以及讓操作者了解 SLAM 的失效模式；僅簡短提及離線 SLAM 適合測量地圖或竣工 BIM。",{"en":159,"zh":160,"verified":108},"Particle filter, EKF\u002FUKF, factor graphs (g2o, GTSAM, iSAM2); cameras, RGB-D, LiDAR, IMU; ORB-SLAM family, DSO\u002FLDSO, LOAM, V-LOAM, Loam-Livox, LeGO-LOAM, LIO-SAM, ART-SLAM, Wildcat, TVL-SLAM. Dense, neural or Gaussian map representations and FAST-LIO2 or KISS-ICP-type methods are not discussed in the text read.","粒子濾波、EKF\u002FUKF、因子圖（g2o、GTSAM、iSAM2）；相機、RGB-D、LiDAR、IMU；ORB-SLAM 系列、DSO\u002FLDSO、LOAM、V-LOAM、Loam-Livox、LeGO-LOAM、LIO-SAM、ART-SLAM、Wildcat、TVL-SLAM。已讀內容未討論稠密、神經或高斯地圖表示，也未討論 FAST-LIO2 或 KISS-ICP 類方法。",{"en":162,"zh":163,"verified":108},"Three attributes: computation time (online vs offline), sensor fusion approach, sensor type (Sec. 2); limitation categories drift, degeneracy, fast motion (Sec. 3).","三個屬性：計算時機（線上或離線）、感測融合方式、感測器類型（Sec. 2）；限制分為漂移、退化、快速運動三類（Sec. 3）。",{"value":165,"en":165,"zh":14,"verified":108},"same-condition experiments",{"en":167,"zh":168,"verified":108},"Separates trajectory error (RMSE, STD) from a map metric (average nearest-neighbour distance to a reference cloud generated from ground-truth poses). No independent geometric reference (e.g., TLS), no task-level metrics, no reference-uncertainty discussion.","區分軌跡誤差（RMSE、STD）與地圖指標（相對於以真值位姿生成之參考點雲的平均最近鄰距離）。無獨立幾何參考（如 TLS）、無任務層指標，也未討論參考量測的不確定性。",{"en":170,"zh":171,"verified":108},"Uses Hilti 2022 sequences recorded on a construction site; discusses construction-specific degradation qualitatively; does not code literature by validation environment.","使用於營建工地錄製的 Hilti 2022 序列；以定性方式討論營建特有的感測劣化；未依驗證環境為文獻編碼。",{"en":173,"zh":174,"verified":108},"Public dataset used; paper data available on request; no released code, parameters file or evaluation protocol reported.","使用公開資料集；論文資料可向作者索取；未報告釋出的程式碼、參數檔或評估規範。",{"id":176,"recordId":176,"label":177,"shortName":178,"title":179,"year":180,"venue":135,"doi":181,"mdpi":85,"fulltextStatus":86,"checkLevel":87,"sectionsRead":182,"locators":186,"strand":188,"strandBasis":103,"cells":189},"otero2020mobileindoormapping","Otero et al., 2020","Otero et al. 2020 (mobile indoor mapping devices)","Mobile indoor mapping technologies: A review",2020,"10.1016\u002Fj.autcon.2020.103399",[138,89,90,183,184,185],"Sec. 2.1-2.3","Sec. 3.1-3.5 incl. Tables 1-6","Sec. 4",[90,187,185],"Sec. 3.1-3.5","capture",{"search":190,"focus":193,"scope":196,"taxonomy":199,"depth":202,"quality":203,"site":206,"assets":209},{"en":191,"zh":192,"verified":108},"Not systematic; described as a double review of literature and platform specifications; no databases or dates reported.","非系統性；自述為文獻與平台規格的雙重回顧；未報告資料庫或日期。",{"en":194,"zh":195,"verified":108},"Selecting commercial mobile indoor mapping devices for construction and architecture.","為營建與建築用途挑選市售室內行動建圖設備。",{"en":197,"zh":198,"verified":108},"Commercial handheld, backpack and trolley systems; LiDAR, RGB-D, TLS sensors; no algorithm-level content.","市售手持、背包與推車系統；LiDAR、RGB-D、TLS 感測器；無演算法層內容。",{"en":200,"zh":201,"verified":108},"Physical configuration x mapping sensor.","物理配置 × 建圖感測器。",{"value":119,"en":119,"zh":13,"verified":108},{"en":204,"zh":205,"verified":108},"Accuracy from datasheets; no separation of trajectory, geometry, task or reference.","精度取自規格表；未區分軌跡、幾何、任務或參考量測。",{"en":207,"zh":208,"verified":108},"None.","無。",{"en":207,"zh":208,"verified":108},{"id":211,"recordId":211,"label":212,"shortName":213,"title":214,"year":82,"venue":135,"doi":215,"mdpi":85,"fulltextStatus":216,"checkLevel":217,"sectionsRead":218,"locators":228,"strand":102,"strandBasis":103,"cells":233},"chen2026lnconstructionrobots","Chen et al., 2026","Chen, Zhao & Huang 2026 (L&N human-centric review)","Localization and navigation of construction robots: A human-centric review","10.1016\u002Fj.autcon.2026.106953","partial_sections_reviewed","partial_full_text",[138,89,90,219,220,221,222,223,224,225,226,227,145],"Sec. 2 Review methodology","Sec. 3 Overview","Sec. 4 intro","Sec. 4.2 intro, 4.2.1 SLAM-based, 4.2.2 BIM-based","Sec. 4.4.1-4.4.3 incl. Table 2","Sec. 5 intro","Sec. 5.1 Environment mapping","Sec. 7.1-7.3","Sec. 8",[148,229,230,231,100,232,227],"Sec. 4.2.1","Sec. 4.2.2","Sec. 4.4.3 Table 2","Sec. 7.1",{"search":234,"focus":237,"scope":240,"taxonomy":243,"depth":246,"quality":247,"site":250,"assets":253},{"en":235,"zh":236,"verified":108},"Scopus and WoS, 2005-2025 (to 31 Dec 2025), English, journals and conferences; 2712 journal and 3448 conference unique records; 581+428 full-text screened; 153+82 retained; snowballing added 46; final 281 (Sec. 2).","Scopus 與 WoS，2005-2025（至 2025-12-31），英文期刊與會議論文；不重複紀錄為期刊 2712 筆、會議 3448 筆；全文篩選 581+428 篇；保留 153+82 篇；滾雪球法增加 46 篇；最終 281 篇（Sec. 2）。",{"en":238,"zh":239,"verified":108},"Robot localization and navigation (L&N) and human factors, not point-cloud production for measurement.","機器人定位與導航（L&N）及人因，而非產出供量測使用的點雲。",{"en":241,"zh":242,"verified":108},"Fiducials, RF, light-based, SLAM (2D LiDAR, LIO-SAM, ORB-SLAM), BIM-based localization routes, navigation maps (metric, topological, hybrid), path planning and control.","人工標記、射頻、光學式定位、SLAM（2D LiDAR、LIO-SAM、ORB-SLAM）、BIM 輔助定位路線、導航地圖（度量、拓撲、混合）、路徑規劃與控制。",{"en":244,"zh":245,"verified":108},"Infrastructure-dependent vs infrastructure-free vs hybrid localization; four BIM-based routes; discrepancy types; navigation map types.","依賴基礎設施、免基礎設施與混合三類定位；四種 BIM 輔助路線；差異類型；導航地圖類型。",{"value":119,"en":119,"zh":13,"verified":108},{"en":248,"zh":249,"verified":108},"Table 2 pairs reported localization accuracy with ground-truth source and environment, which partially separates reference from result; map geometry and task outcomes not assessed in sections read.","Table 2 將報告的定位精度與真值來源、環境並列，部分區分了參考量測與結果；已讀章節未評估地圖幾何與任務成果。",{"en":251,"zh":252,"verified":108},"Distinguishes lab vs real construction site deployments in Table 2; notes most studies are exploratory.","Table 2 區分實驗室與真實工地部署；指出多數研究屬探索性質。",{"en":254,"zh":255,"verified":108},"Metadata and analysis results available upon request (Data availability).","詮釋資料與分析結果可向作者索取（Data availability）。",{"id":257,"recordId":257,"label":258,"shortName":259,"title":260,"year":261,"venue":262,"doi":263,"mdpi":85,"fulltextStatus":216,"checkLevel":217,"sectionsRead":264,"locators":267,"strand":188,"strandBasis":103,"cells":272},"distefano2021mobile3dscan","Di Stefano et al., 2021","Di Stefano et al. 2021 (MLS literature review)","Mobile 3D scan LiDAR: a literature review",2021,"Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk","10.1080\u002F19475705.2021.1964617",[89,148,185,265,266,96],"Sec. 5.1-5.3 (text; Tables 1-10 not rendered)","Sec. 6.1-6.4",[185,268,269,270,271,96],"Sec. 5.2.1","Sec. 5.2.3","Sec. 6.3","Sec. 6.4",{"search":273,"focus":276,"scope":279,"taxonomy":282,"depth":285,"quality":287,"site":290,"assets":293},{"en":274,"zh":275,"verified":108},"Scopus, WoS, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, CiteSeerX; 2010-2020 (plus early 2021 papers); keyword-based; 89 papers; two-author reading (Sec. 4).","Scopus、WoS、ScienceDirect、Google Scholar、CiteSeerX；2010-2020（另含 2021 年初文章）；關鍵字檢索；89 篇；每篇由兩位作者閱讀（Sec. 4）。",{"en":277,"zh":278,"verified":108},"Performance and suitability of MLS across geomatics domains.","MLS 在各測繪領域的表現與適用性。",{"en":280,"zh":281,"verified":108},"Human-based, wheel-based, boat, sledge and aerial MLS; GNSS\u002FIMU vs SLAM localisation; no algorithm-level analysis in sections read.","人員攜行、輪式、船載、雪橇與空載 MLS；GNSS\u002FIMU 定位與 SLAM 定位；已讀章節無演算法層分析。",{"en":283,"zh":284,"verified":108},"Five application domains x platform typologies.","五個應用領域 × 平台類型。",{"value":286,"en":286,"zh":12,"verified":108},"listing",{"en":288,"zh":289,"verified":108},"Compiles accuracy against TLS or surveyed references; discusses error types (drift, double surfaces) and tolerance vs representation scale; no trajectory vs map separation.","彙整相對於 TLS 或測量參考的精度；討論誤差類型（漂移、雙層表面）以及公差與成圖比例尺的關係；未區分軌跡與地圖。",{"en":291,"zh":292,"verified":108},"Domain-level (urban, underground, heritage); no construction-phase site coding.","領域層級（都市、地下、文化資產）；未編碼施工階段工地。",{"en":207,"zh":208,"verified":108},{"id":295,"recordId":295,"label":296,"shortName":297,"title":298,"year":82,"venue":135,"doi":299,"mdpi":85,"fulltextStatus":216,"checkLevel":217,"sectionsRead":300,"locators":306,"strand":310,"strandBasis":103,"cells":311},"chen2026indoorscan2bimworkflows","Chen & Luo, 2026","Chen & Luo 2026 (indoor Scan-to-BIM workflows 2014-2024)","Indoor scan-to-BIM workflows: Progress, challenges, and future directions (2014–2024)","10.1016\u002Fj.autcon.2025.106578",[138,89,301,302,100,95,303,304,227,305,145],"Sec. 1 incl. Table 1","Sec. 2.1-2.3 incl. Table 2","Sec. 7.3","Sec. 7.4","Appendix Tables A.6-A.7",[307,100,95,308,309],"Sec. 2.2-2.3","Sec. 7.3-7.4","Table A.7","downstream",{"search":312,"focus":315,"scope":318,"taxonomy":321,"depth":324,"quality":325,"site":328,"assets":331},{"en":313,"zh":314,"verified":108},"PRISMA; Web of Science only; 2014 to July 2024; keyword sets and research areas in Table 2; 109 publications (Sec. 2).","PRISMA；僅 Web of Science；2014 至 2024 年 7 月；關鍵字組與研究領域見 Table 2；109 篇（Sec. 2）。",{"en":316,"zh":317,"verified":108},"Generating as-built BIM of indoor spaces from point clouds; O&M information needs.","由點雲生成室內空間的竣工 BIM；營運維護的資訊需求。",{"en":319,"zh":320,"verified":108},"Data collection and preprocessing (brief), segmentation, recognition, parametric modelling; SLAM mapping not analysed in the sections read (deferred to other reviews).","資料擷取與前處理（簡述）、分割、辨識、參數化建模；已讀章節未分析 SLAM 建圖（留給其他綜述）。",{"en":322,"zh":323,"verified":108},"Implementation paths and critical steps; model result aspects (automation, efficiency, accuracy, granularity).","實作路徑與關鍵步驟；模型成果面向（自動化程度、效率、精度、粒度）。",{"value":119,"en":119,"zh":13,"verified":108},{"en":326,"zh":327,"verified":108},"Documents inconsistent accuracy metrics and evaluation objects; does not separate acquisition trajectory, point cloud geometry and reference uncertainty in sections read.","記錄各研究的精度指標與評估對象不一致；已讀章節未區分擷取軌跡、點雲幾何與參考量測不確定性。",{"en":329,"zh":330,"verified":108},"Tabulates cases (some construction sites) in Table A.6 without classifying validation environment.","Table A.6 列出案例（部分為工地），但未分類驗證環境。",{"en":332,"zh":333,"verified":108},"No data used (Data availability).","未使用資料（Data availability）。",{"id":335,"recordId":335,"label":336,"shortName":337,"title":338,"year":82,"venue":135,"doi":339,"mdpi":85,"fulltextStatus":216,"checkLevel":217,"sectionsRead":340,"locators":349,"strand":310,"strandBasis":103,"cells":355},"luo2026indoorscan2bimmobile","Luo et al., 2026","Luo et al. 2026 (indoor Scan-to-BIM from mobile perception)","Indoor scan-to-BIM automation: From mobile perception to 3D building modelling","10.1016\u002Fj.autcon.2025.106731",[138,89,341,342,98,343,344,345,346,347,95,145,348],"Sec. 1.3 Existing surveys","Sec. 1.4 Contributions","Sec. 3.2 incl. Table 2","Sec. 3.3.1-3.3.4 incl. Table 3","Sec. 4.1 incl. Table 5","Sec. 4.2.1-4.2.5","Sec. 5.1-5.5","selected reference entries [32]-[36], [40]",[350,351,352,353,354,95],"Sec. 1.3","Sec. 3.3","Sec. 4.1 Table 5","Sec. 4.2.5","Sec. 5.2",{"search":356,"focus":359,"scope":362,"taxonomy":365,"depth":368,"quality":369,"site":372,"assets":375},{"en":357,"zh":358,"verified":108},"Sec. 3.1 (read by verifier): literature retrieved from specialised databases 'e.g., Web of Science, IEEE Xplore' for publication statistics, analysis conducted March 2025; journals with at least five Scan-to-BIM articles tabulated (Table 1). No search string, time window, screening counts or inclusion criteria are reported in Sec. 3.1.","Sec. 3.1（驗證者已讀）：為出版統計自專門資料庫（如 Web of Science、IEEE Xplore）取得文獻，分析於 2025 年 3 月進行；列表整理刊登至少五篇 Scan-to-BIM 文章的期刊（Table 1）。Sec. 3.1 未報告檢索式、時間範圍、篩選數量或納入準則。",{"en":360,"zh":361,"verified":108},"End-to-end indoor Scan-to-BIM automation, with mobile LiDAR mapping as the perception stage.","端到端的室內 Scan-to-BIM 自動化，以行動 LiDAR 建圖作為感知階段。",{"en":363,"zh":364,"verified":108},"Helmet, backpack, handheld, wheeled and quadruped MLS; mechanical and solid-state LiDAR, depth cameras; projection-based, feature-based (LOAM lineage, geometric features, global descriptors) and DL-based mapping; segmentation; element modelling; datasets and metrics.","頭盔、背包、手持、輪式與四足 MLS；機械式與固態 LiDAR、深度相機；投影式、特徵式（LOAM 系列、幾何特徵、全域描述子）與深度學習式建圖；分割；構件建模；資料集與指標。",{"en":366,"zh":367,"verified":108},"Four-module pipeline (device, acquisition and alignment, semantic understanding, element modelling); three-way mapping-method taxonomy.","四模組流程（設備、擷取與對齊、語意理解、構件建模）；建圖方法三分類。",{"value":119,"en":119,"zh":13,"verified":108},{"en":370,"zh":371,"verified":108},"Distinguishes mapping metrics (RTE, RRE), BIM geometry, completeness, semantic and compactness metrics; calls for task-oriented metrics; does not treat reference-measurement uncertainty or SLAM point-cloud geometric metrics in the sections read.","區分建圖指標（RTE、RRE）、BIM 幾何、完整度、語意與精簡度指標；呼籲發展任務導向指標；已讀章節未處理參考量測不確定性或 SLAM 點雲的幾何指標。",{"en":373,"zh":374,"verified":108},"Notes limited diversity of datasets (office, residential); no explicit coding of active construction-site evidence in sections read.","指出資料集多樣性有限（辦公、住宅）；已讀章節未明確編碼施工中工地的證據。",{"en":376,"zh":377,"verified":108},"Data available on request; no released database or protocol.","資料可向作者索取；未釋出資料庫或評估規範。",{"id":379,"recordId":379,"label":380,"shortName":381,"title":382,"year":261,"venue":135,"doi":383,"mdpi":85,"fulltextStatus":216,"checkLevel":217,"sectionsRead":384,"locators":388,"strand":310,"strandBasis":103,"cells":389},"aryan2021planningforscanning","Aryan et al., 2021","Aryan, Bosché & Tang 2021 (P4S review)","Planning for terrestrial laser scanning in construction: A review","10.1016\u002Fj.autcon.2021.103551",[138,89,385,386,387],"Sec. 1.2","Sec. 2.1-2.3 incl. Table 1","Sec. 7.1-7.5",[385,183,96],{"search":390,"focus":393,"scope":396,"taxonomy":399,"depth":402,"quality":403,"site":406,"assets":409},{"en":391,"zh":392,"verified":108},"Described as a systematic review (Sec. 1.2), but no databases, search strings, time window or screening counts appear in Sec. 1-2 or the opening of Sec. 7 (read by verifier); the conclusion refers to thirteen focal studies from the last decade, eight from the last five years (Sec. 7). Sec. 3-6 not read.","自述為系統性回顧（Sec. 1.2），但 Sec. 1-2 與 Sec. 7 開頭（驗證者已讀）未見資料庫、檢索式、時間範圍或篩選數量；結論提及近十年 13 篇重點研究，其中 8 篇在近五年（Sec. 7）。Sec. 3-6 未讀。",{"en":394,"zh":395,"verified":108},"Optimising TLS scan locations to meet data quality within time limits.","在時間限制內最佳化 TLS 測站位置，以達到資料品質要求。",{"en":397,"zh":398,"verified":108},"TLS; completeness, LOA\u002FLOD, registrability; model-based vs non-model-based planning (the latter linked to SLAM next-best-view).","TLS；完整度、LOA\u002FLOD、可配準性；基於模型與不基於模型的規劃（後者與 SLAM 的下一最佳視點相關）。",{"en":400,"zh":401,"verified":108},"Quality criteria tiers; P4S inputs, constraints, optimisation algorithms.","品質準則分級；P4S 的輸入、限制條件與最佳化演算法。",{"value":119,"en":119,"zh":13,"verified":108},{"en":404,"zh":405,"verified":108},"Separates completeness, point accuracy, resolution and registration; highlights independent control requirements for LOA.","區分完整度、點位精度、解析度與配準；強調 LOA 需要獨立的控制量測。",{"en":407,"zh":408,"verified":85},"not_verified (Sec. 4 not read).","未查證（Sec. 4 未讀）。",{"en":410,"zh":411,"verified":108},"None seen.","未見。",{"id":413,"recordId":413,"label":414,"shortName":415,"title":416,"year":417,"venue":418,"doi":419,"mdpi":85,"fulltextStatus":216,"checkLevel":217,"sectionsRead":420,"locators":423,"strand":310,"strandBasis":103,"cells":426},"wang2019pointcloudconstruction","Wang & Kim, 2019","Wang & Kim 2019 (15-year point cloud review)","Applications of 3D point cloud data in the construction industry: A fifteen-year review from 2004 to 2018",2019,"Advanced Engineering Informatics","10.1016\u002Fj.aei.2019.02.007",[89,421,221,422,100,95],"Sec. 2 Literature search incl. Table 1","Sec. 4.1.1-4.1.2",[148,424,425,100,95],"Sec. 4.1.1","Sec. 4.1.2",{"search":427,"focus":430,"scope":433,"taxonomy":436,"depth":439,"quality":440,"site":443,"assets":446},{"en":428,"zh":429,"verified":108},"2004 to July 2018; hand-searched selected journals and conferences plus Google Scholar and Scopus keyword search; 197 papers (Sec. 2).","2004 至 2018 年 7 月；人工檢索選定期刊與會議，並以 Google Scholar 與 Scopus 關鍵字檢索；197 篇（Sec. 2）。",{"en":431,"zh":432,"verified":108},"Construction applications of point clouds and how acquisition and processing should meet application needs.","點雲在營建中的應用，以及資料擷取與處理應如何滿足應用需求。",{"en":434,"zh":435,"verified":108},"Laser scanning, photogrammetry, videos; quality parameters accuracy, spatial resolution, coverage; scan planning; semantic enrichment; visualisation platforms.","雷射掃描、攝影測量、影片；品質參數（精度、空間解析度、覆蓋率）；掃描規劃；語意豐富化；視覺化平台。",{"en":437,"zh":438,"verified":108},"Applications: 3D reconstruction, geometry quality inspection, other applications.","應用分為三維重建、幾何品質檢查與其他應用。",{"value":286,"en":286,"zh":12,"verified":108},{"en":441,"zh":442,"verified":108},"Defines quality in terms of accuracy, resolution, coverage and links them to application needs qualitatively; does not treat trajectory error or SLAM-specific error sources in sections read.","以精度、解析度與覆蓋率定義品質，並以定性方式連結應用需求；已讀章節未處理軌跡誤差或 SLAM 特有的誤差來源。",{"en":444,"zh":445,"verified":85},"not_verified (application sections 3.x not read).","未查證（應用章節 3.x 未讀）。",{"en":447,"zh":448,"verified":108},"None reported in sections read.","已讀章節未報告。",{"id":450,"recordId":450,"label":451,"shortName":452,"title":453,"year":454,"venue":455,"doi":456,"mdpi":108,"fulltextStatus":457,"checkLevel":458,"sectionsRead":459,"locators":461,"strand":102,"strandBasis":103,"cells":462},"ghadimzadeh2025slamnde","Ghadimzadeh Alamdari et al., 2025","Ghadimzadeh Alamdari et al. 2025 (SLAM for robotic NDE of infrastructure)","A Review of Simultaneous Localization and Mapping for the Robotic-Based Nondestructive Evaluation of Infrastructures",2025,"Sensors","10.3390\u002Fs25030712","abstract_only","abstract",[460],"Abstract (OpenAlex)",[458],{"search":463,"focus":466,"scope":469,"taxonomy":472,"depth":475,"quality":476,"site":479,"assets":482},{"en":464,"zh":465,"verified":85},"not_verified.","未查證",{"en":467,"zh":468,"verified":108},"SLAM for robotic NDE of infrastructure in enclosed GPS-denied conditions (abstract).","封閉且無 GPS 條件下，用於基礎設施機器人非破壞檢測的 SLAM（摘要）。",{"en":470,"zh":471,"verified":108},"Visual, LiDAR and fused SLAM; eleven open-source systems benchmarked (abstract).","視覺、LiDAR 與融合式 SLAM；以基準測試比較 11 個開源系統（摘要）。",{"en":473,"zh":474,"verified":108},"By sensor fusion type and chronology (abstract).","依感測融合類型與年代（摘要）。",{"value":165,"en":165,"zh":14,"verified":108},{"en":477,"zh":478,"verified":85},"not_verified (abstract mentions accuracy and computational resources only).","未查證（摘要僅提及精度與計算資源）。",{"en":480,"zh":481,"verified":108},"Own collected dataset plus a test dataset (abstract); environment details not verified.","自行蒐集的資料集加上一個測試資料集（摘要）；環境細節未查證。",{"en":464,"zh":465,"verified":85},{"id":484,"recordId":484,"label":485,"shortName":486,"title":487,"year":134,"venue":488,"doi":489,"mdpi":85,"fulltextStatus":457,"checkLevel":458,"sectionsRead":490,"locators":492,"strand":102,"strandBasis":494,"cells":495},"zeng2024mobileconstructionrobots","Zeng et al., 2024","Zeng et al. 2024 (mobile construction robots review)","Autonomous mobile construction robots in built environment: A comprehensive review","Developments in the Built Environment","10.1016\u002Fj.dibe.2024.100484",[89,491],"Section outline (headings only)",[458,493],"outline","editor",{"search":496,"focus":499,"scope":502,"taxonomy":503,"depth":506,"quality":507,"site":508,"assets":511},{"en":497,"zh":498,"verified":85},"not_verified beyond abstract (184 publications, last 15 years).","摘要以外未查證（184 篇、近 15 年）。",{"en":500,"zh":501,"verified":108},"Mobile construction robots and enabling technologies (abstract).","行動營建機器人及其關鍵技術（摘要）。",{"en":464,"zh":465,"verified":85},{"en":504,"zh":505,"verified":108},"Applications, generic and specific technologies (outline).","應用、通用技術與專用技術（目錄）。",{"value":286,"en":286,"zh":12,"verified":108},{"en":464,"zh":465,"verified":85},{"en":509,"zh":510,"verified":108},"Abstract states most work is laboratory-based.","摘要指出多數研究在實驗室進行。",{"en":464,"zh":465,"verified":85},{"id":513,"recordId":513,"label":514,"shortName":515,"title":516,"year":82,"venue":517,"doi":518,"mdpi":85,"fulltextStatus":457,"checkLevel":458,"sectionsRead":519,"locators":521,"strand":188,"strandBasis":494,"cells":522},"anwar2025realitycapture","Anwar & Azhar, 2026","Anwar & Azhar 2025 (reality capture SLR)","A systematic review on the application of reality capture in the construction industry","Smart and Sustainable Built Environment","10.1108\u002Fsasbe-03-2024-0079",[520],"Structured abstract (OpenAlex)",[458],{"search":523,"focus":526,"scope":529,"taxonomy":532,"depth":533,"quality":534,"site":535,"assets":536},{"en":524,"zh":525,"verified":108},"PRISMA; Scopus and WoS; 2019-2023 journal articles (abstract).","PRISMA；Scopus 與 WoS；2019-2023 年期刊論文（摘要）。",{"en":527,"zh":528,"verified":108},"Reality capture applications in construction (abstract).","實景擷取在營建中的應用（摘要）。",{"en":530,"zh":531,"verified":108},"Laser scanning, photogrammetry, video capture (abstract).","雷射掃描、攝影測量、影片擷取（摘要）。",{"en":464,"zh":465,"verified":85},{"value":286,"en":286,"zh":12,"verified":108},{"en":464,"zh":465,"verified":85},{"en":464,"zh":465,"verified":85},{"en":464,"zh":465,"verified":85},{"id":538,"recordId":538,"label":539,"shortName":540,"title":541,"year":542,"venue":455,"doi":543,"mdpi":108,"fulltextStatus":457,"checkLevel":458,"sectionsRead":544,"locators":545,"strand":188,"strandBasis":494,"cells":546},"elhashash2022mobilemappingsystems","Elhashash et al., 2022","Elhashash, Albanwan & Qin 2022 (MMS review)","A Review of Mobile Mapping Systems: From Sensors to Applications",2022,"10.3390\u002Fs22114262",[460],[458],{"search":547,"focus":548,"scope":551,"taxonomy":554,"depth":555,"quality":556,"site":557,"assets":558},{"en":464,"zh":465,"verified":85},{"en":549,"zh":550,"verified":108},"Mobile mapping systems in general (abstract).","一般行動建圖系統（摘要）。",{"en":552,"zh":553,"verified":108},"Sensors, platforms, commercial MMS, processing workflow (abstract).","感測器、平台、市售 MMS、處理流程（摘要）。",{"en":464,"zh":465,"verified":85},{"value":286,"en":286,"zh":12,"verified":108},{"en":464,"zh":465,"verified":85},{"en":464,"zh":465,"verified":85},{"en":464,"zh":465,"verified":85},{"id":560,"recordId":560,"label":561,"shortName":562,"title":563,"year":542,"venue":135,"doi":564,"mdpi":85,"fulltextStatus":457,"checkLevel":458,"sectionsRead":565,"locators":566,"strand":188,"strandBasis":494,"cells":568},"rao2022realtimemonitoring","Rao et al., 2022","Rao et al. 2022 (real-time site monitoring review)","Real-time monitoring of construction sites: Sensors, methods, and applications","10.1016\u002Fj.autcon.2021.104099",[138,89,491],[458,567,493],"highlights",{"search":569,"focus":570,"scope":573,"taxonomy":576,"depth":579,"quality":580,"site":581,"assets":582},{"en":464,"zh":465,"verified":85},{"en":571,"zh":572,"verified":108},"Real-time monitoring of construction sites (abstract).","營建工地即時監測（摘要）。",{"en":574,"zh":575,"verified":108},"Mapping sensors, positioning and communication sensors, platforms; scene understanding, positioning, tracking (outline).","建圖感測器、定位與通訊感測器、平台；場景理解、定位、追蹤（目錄）。",{"en":577,"zh":578,"verified":108},"Sensors, methods, applications; hybrid semantic richness framework (highlights).","感測器、方法、應用；混合語意豐富度框架（Highlights）。",{"value":286,"en":286,"zh":12,"verified":108},{"en":464,"zh":465,"verified":85},{"en":464,"zh":465,"verified":85},{"en":464,"zh":465,"verified":85},{"id":584,"recordId":584,"label":585,"shortName":586,"title":587,"year":417,"venue":588,"doi":589,"mdpi":108,"fulltextStatus":457,"checkLevel":458,"sectionsRead":590,"locators":591,"strand":188,"strandBasis":494,"cells":592},"adan2019autonomousscanning","Adán et al., 2019","Adán, Quintana & Prieto 2019 (autonomous scanning review)","Autonomous Mobile Scanning Systems for the Digitization of Buildings: A Review","Remote Sensing","10.3390\u002Frs11030306",[460],[458],{"search":593,"focus":594,"scope":597,"taxonomy":598,"depth":599,"quality":600,"site":603,"assets":604},{"en":464,"zh":465,"verified":85},{"en":595,"zh":596,"verified":108},"Autonomous scanning for building digitisation (abstract).","用於建物數位化的自主掃描（摘要）。",{"en":464,"zh":465,"verified":85},{"en":464,"zh":465,"verified":85},{"value":119,"en":119,"zh":13,"verified":108},{"en":601,"zh":602,"verified":85},"not_verified (abstract mentions evaluation).","未查證（摘要提及評估）。",{"en":464,"zh":465,"verified":85},{"en":464,"zh":465,"verified":85},{"id":606,"recordId":606,"label":607,"shortName":608,"title":609,"year":610,"venue":611,"doi":612,"mdpi":85,"fulltextStatus":457,"checkLevel":458,"sectionsRead":613,"locators":615,"strand":188,"strandBasis":103,"cells":616},"puente2013mobilemapping","Puente et al., 2013","Puente et al. 2013 (mobile mapping review)","Review of mobile mapping and surveying technologies",2013,"Measurement","10.1016\u002Fj.measurement.2013.03.006",[614],"Abstract (complete on publisher page; verifier re-read)",[458],{"search":617,"focus":618,"scope":621,"taxonomy":624,"depth":627,"quality":628,"site":631,"assets":632},{"en":464,"zh":465,"verified":85},{"en":619,"zh":620,"verified":108},"Performance of commercial mobile terrestrial laser scanning systems (abstract).","市售行動地面雷射掃描系統的表現（摘要）。",{"en":622,"zh":623,"verified":108},"Positioning, scanning and imaging devices; manufacturer specs (abstract).","定位、掃描與影像裝置；廠商規格（摘要）。",{"en":625,"zh":626,"verified":108},"Mapping vs surveying grade (abstract).","建圖級與測量級（摘要）。",{"value":119,"en":119,"zh":13,"verified":108},{"en":629,"zh":630,"verified":108},"Specification-level; independent validation not indicated in abstract.","規格層級；摘要未顯示有獨立驗證。",{"en":464,"zh":465,"verified":85},{"en":464,"zh":465,"verified":85},{"id":634,"recordId":634,"label":635,"shortName":636,"title":637,"year":82,"venue":135,"doi":638,"mdpi":85,"fulltextStatus":457,"checkLevel":458,"sectionsRead":639,"locators":640,"strand":310,"strandBasis":494,"cells":641},"zhou2026dlpointcloudconstruction","Zhou et al., 2026","Zhou, Liu & Azhar 2026 (DL point cloud PRISMA review)","Deep learning for 3D point cloud processing in construction: PRISMA-based systematic review (2016–2025)","10.1016\u002Fj.autcon.2026.107197",[138,89,491],[458,567,493],{"search":642,"focus":645,"scope":648,"taxonomy":651,"depth":654,"quality":655,"site":658,"assets":659},{"en":643,"zh":644,"verified":108},"PRISMA 2020; Scopus and WoS; 2016-2025; 94 journal articles (abstract).","PRISMA 2020；Scopus 與 WoS；2016-2025；94 篇期刊論文（摘要）。",{"en":646,"zh":647,"verified":108},"Deep learning for construction point-cloud processing and deliverable readiness (abstract).","營建點雲處理的深度學習與交付成果就緒度（摘要）。",{"en":649,"zh":650,"verified":108},"Segmentation, classification, reconstruction and completion; point MLP, graph and kernel, voxel sparse CNN, transformer families (outline).","分割、分類、重建與補全；點 MLP、圖與核、體素稀疏 CNN、Transformer 等模型家族（目錄）。",{"en":652,"zh":653,"verified":108},"Task-oriented taxonomy linking objectives, tasks, workflow positions, dataset sources, deliverable readiness (abstract).","任務導向分類，連結目標、任務、流程位置、資料集來源與交付成果就緒度（摘要）。",{"value":119,"en":119,"zh":13,"verified":108},{"en":656,"zh":657,"verified":85},"not_verified (abstract only; absence cannot be asserted).","未查證（僅讀摘要；不能斷言未涉及）。",{"en":464,"zh":465,"verified":85},{"en":464,"zh":465,"verified":85},{"id":661,"recordId":661,"label":662,"shortName":663,"title":664,"year":542,"venue":418,"doi":665,"mdpi":85,"fulltextStatus":457,"checkLevel":458,"sectionsRead":666,"locators":667,"strand":310,"strandBasis":494,"cells":668},"mirzaei2022mlpointcloud","Mirzaei et al., 2022","Mirzaei et al. 2022 (ML point cloud processing review)","3D point cloud data processing with machine learning for construction and infrastructure applications: A comprehensive review","10.1016\u002Fj.aei.2021.101501",[89,491],[458,493],{"search":669,"focus":672,"scope":675,"taxonomy":678,"depth":681,"quality":682,"site":683,"assets":684},{"en":670,"zh":671,"verified":85},"not_verified (Sec. 2 not read).","未查證（Sec. 2 未讀）。",{"en":673,"zh":674,"verified":108},"ML-based processing of construction and infrastructure point clouds (abstract).","以機器學習處理營建與基礎設施點雲（摘要）。",{"en":676,"zh":677,"verified":108},"Classification and clustering methods; applications in construction, facility management, surveying (outline).","分類與分群方法；營建、設施管理、測量領域的應用（目錄）。",{"en":679,"zh":680,"verified":108},"Method type x application area (outline).","方法類型 × 應用領域（目錄）。",{"value":286,"en":286,"zh":12,"verified":108},{"en":464,"zh":465,"verified":85},{"en":464,"zh":465,"verified":85},{"en":464,"zh":465,"verified":85},{"id":686,"recordId":686,"label":687,"shortName":688,"title":689,"year":261,"venue":690,"doi":691,"mdpi":85,"fulltextStatus":457,"checkLevel":458,"sectionsRead":692,"locators":693,"strand":310,"strandBasis":494,"cells":694},"xu2021reconstructionreview","Xu & Stilla, 2021","Xu & Stilla 2021 (building and infrastructure reconstruction review)","Toward Building and Civil Infrastructure Reconstruction From Point Clouds: A Review on Data and Key Techniques","IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","10.1109\u002Fjstars.2021.3060568",[460],[458],{"search":695,"focus":696,"scope":699,"taxonomy":702,"depth":703,"quality":704,"site":705,"assets":706},{"en":464,"zh":465,"verified":85},{"en":697,"zh":698,"verified":108},"Reconstruction of buildings and civil infrastructure from point clouds (abstract).","由點雲重建建物與土木基礎設施（摘要）。",{"en":700,"zh":701,"verified":108},"Laser scanning and stereo matching acquisition; processing techniques (abstract).","雷射掃描與立體匹配的資料擷取；處理技術（摘要）。",{"en":464,"zh":465,"verified":85},{"value":286,"en":286,"zh":12,"verified":108},{"en":464,"zh":465,"verified":85},{"en":464,"zh":465,"verified":85},{"en":464,"zh":465,"verified":85},{"id":708,"recordId":708,"label":709,"shortName":710,"title":711,"year":712,"venue":418,"doi":713,"mdpi":85,"fulltextStatus":457,"checkLevel":458,"sectionsRead":714,"locators":715,"strand":310,"strandBasis":103,"cells":716},"patraucean2015asbuiltmodelling","Pătrăucean et al., 2015","Pătrăucean et al. 2015 (as-built modelling state of research)","State of research in automatic as-built modelling",2015,"10.1016\u002Fj.aei.2015.01.001",[89],[458],{"search":717,"focus":718,"scope":721,"taxonomy":722,"depth":723,"quality":724,"site":725,"assets":726},{"en":464,"zh":465,"verified":85},{"en":719,"zh":720,"verified":108},"Automatic as-built geometric modelling (abstract).","自動竣工幾何建模（摘要）。",{"en":464,"zh":465,"verified":85},{"en":464,"zh":465,"verified":85},{"value":286,"en":286,"zh":12,"verified":108},{"en":464,"zh":465,"verified":85},{"en":464,"zh":465,"verified":85},{"en":464,"zh":465,"verified":85},{"id":728,"recordId":728,"label":729,"shortName":730,"title":731,"year":732,"venue":135,"doi":733,"mdpi":85,"fulltextStatus":457,"checkLevel":458,"sectionsRead":734,"locators":735,"strand":310,"strandBasis":103,"cells":736},"tang2010asbuiltbim","Tang et al., 2010","Tang et al. 2010 (as-built BIM from laser scans)","Automatic reconstruction of as-built building information models from laser-scanned point clouds: A review of related techniques",2010,"10.1016\u002Fj.autcon.2010.06.007",[89],[458],{"search":737,"focus":738,"scope":741,"taxonomy":744,"depth":747,"quality":748,"site":751,"assets":752},{"en":464,"zh":465,"verified":85},{"en":739,"zh":740,"verified":108},"Automating as-built BIM creation from laser scans (abstract).","由雷射掃描自動建立竣工 BIM（摘要）。",{"en":742,"zh":743,"verified":108},"Geometric modelling, object recognition, relationship modelling; knowledge representation (abstract).","幾何建模、物件辨識、關係建模；知識表示（摘要）。",{"en":745,"zh":746,"verified":108},"Three core operations (abstract).","三項核心作業（摘要）。",{"value":286,"en":286,"zh":12,"verified":108},{"en":749,"zh":750,"verified":108},"Abstract states performance evaluation measures are outlined; detail not verified.","摘要指出文中概述了績效評估指標；細節未查證。",{"en":464,"zh":465,"verified":85},{"en":464,"zh":465,"verified":85},{"id":754,"recordId":755,"label":756,"shortName":757,"title":758,"year":134,"venue":759,"doi":760,"mdpi":85,"fulltextStatus":457,"checkLevel":458,"sectionsRead":761,"locators":762,"strand":763,"strandBasis":494,"cells":764},"zhang2024_3dlidarslam_survey","zhang2024lidarslamsurvey","Zhang et al., 2024a","Zhang, Shi & Li 2024 (3D LiDAR SLAM survey)","3D LiDAR SLAM: A survey","The Photogrammetric Record","10.1111\u002Fphor.12497",[460],[458],"general",{"search":765,"focus":766,"scope":769,"taxonomy":772,"depth":773,"quality":774,"site":777,"assets":778},{"en":464,"zh":465,"verified":85},{"en":767,"zh":768,"verified":108},"General 3D LiDAR SLAM (abstract).","通用 3D LiDAR SLAM（摘要）。",{"en":770,"zh":771,"verified":108},"LiDAR-only and multi-sensor fusion SLAM, datasets, metrics, commercial solutions (abstract).","純 LiDAR 與多感測融合 SLAM、資料集、指標、商用方案（摘要）。",{"en":464,"zh":465,"verified":85},{"value":286,"en":286,"zh":12,"verified":108},{"en":775,"zh":776,"verified":85},"not_verified (abstract mentions evaluation metrics).","未查證（摘要提及評估指標）。",{"en":464,"zh":465,"verified":85},{"en":464,"zh":465,"verified":85},1790564800910]